TreeSet : Elements sorted in a natural sorting order or via a custom Comparator . HashMap : Non-synchronized, allows one null key.

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: Allows null keys and values; operates on hashing principles. TreeMap : Maintains keys sorted in ascending order. 8. Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Architecture

Divided into Numeric (Integral and Floating-point) and Non-Numeric (Character and Boolean). Understand the exact memory size (e.g., int is 4 bytes, char is 2 bytes due to Unicode support).

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Durga Sir emphasizes practical application, providing real-world scenarios to explain abstract concepts.

Runtime (Overriding): Same method signature in parent and child classes. Resolved by the JVM at runtime based on the actual runtime object.

: Includes common interview topics like "length vs length()" and "Serialization vs Externalization".

This section is widely considered the best part of his notes. Classes and Objects. Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction, and Encapsulation. Constructors, this and super keywords. 4. Packages and Access Modifiers Importing packages and creating user-defined packages. Public, Private, Protected, and Default modifiers. 5. Exception Handling Hierarchy of Exceptions. try-catch-finally blocks. Throw vs. Throws. Custom Exception Handling. 6. Multithreading Thread Lifecycle. Creating threads ( Thread class vs. Runnable interface). Synchronization and Inter-thread Communication. 7. Java Collection Framework (Very Important) List, Set, Map interfaces.